Introduce LTTNG_UST_LOADED environment variable

Introduce LTTNG_UST_LOADED environment variable

Set internally by liblttng-ust's constructor. Can be used by
applications to detect if lttng-ust is loaded, even if liblttng-ust is
not directly linked by the application.

The main use-case is to allow applications to detect that they should
not try to close file descriptors that do not belong to them (e.g.
BSD closefrom). This is a common pattern with applications invoking
daemon(3).

Note that this environment variable is passed to children of a traced
process, and through exec calls. Therefore, an application might think
that lttng-ust is loaded even though it's not loaded in its own address
space if it was loaded by one of its parent processes.

Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>