urcu-mb/signal/membarrier: batch concurrent synchronize_rcu()

Here are benchmarks on batching of synchronize_rcu(), and it leads to
very interesting scalability improvement and speedups, e.g., on a
24-core AMD, with a write-heavy scenario (4 readers threads, 20 updater
threads, each updater using synchronize_rcu()):

* Serialized grace periods:
./test_urcu 4 20 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4
rdur       0 wdur      0 nr_writers  20 wdelay      0
nr_reads    714598368 nr_writes      5032889 nr_ops    719631257

* Batched grace periods:

./test_urcu 4 20 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4
rdur       0 wdur      0 nr_writers  20 wdelay      0
nr_reads    611848168 nr_writes      9877965 nr_ops    621726133

For a 9877965/5032889 = 1.96 speedup for 20 updaters.

Of course, we can see that readers have slowed down, probably due to
increased update traffic, given there is no change to the read-side code
whatsoever.

Now let's see the penality of managing the stack for single-updater.
With 4 readers, single updater:

* Serialized grace periods :

./test_urcu 4 1 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4
rdur       0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0
nr_reads    241959144 nr_writes     11146189 nr_ops    253105333
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4
rdur       0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0
nr_reads    257131080 nr_writes     12310537 nr_ops    269441617
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4
rdur       0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0
nr_reads    259973359 nr_writes     12203025 nr_ops    272176384

* Batched grace periods :

SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4
rdur       0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0
nr_reads    298926555 nr_writes     14018748 nr_ops    312945303
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4
rdur       0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0
nr_reads    272411290 nr_writes     12832166 nr_ops    285243456
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4
rdur       0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0
nr_reads    267511858 nr_writes     12822026 nr_ops    280333884

Serialized vs batched seems to similar, batched possibly even slightly
faster, but this is probably caused by NUMA affinity.

More benchmark results:

* Serialized synchronize_rcu() -- test_urcu (mb)

./test_urcu 4 1 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0 nr_reads    222512859 nr_writes     10723654 nr_ops    233236513
./test_urcu 4 20 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers  20 wdelay      0 nr_reads    722096653 nr_writes      5012429 nr_ops    727109082
./test_urcu 12 12 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  12 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers  12 wdelay      0 nr_reads   1822868768 nr_writes      2300787 nr_ops   1825169555
./test_urcu 16 8 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  16 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   8 wdelay      0 nr_reads   2355908375 nr_writes      1604850 nr_ops   2357513225
./test_urcu 20 4 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   4 wdelay      0 nr_reads   3003457459 nr_writes      1074828 nr_ops   3004532287
./test_urcu 20 3 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   3 wdelay      0 nr_reads   2956972543 nr_writes      1036556 nr_ops   2958009099
./test_urcu 20 2 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   2 wdelay      0 nr_reads   2890178860 nr_writes      1030095 nr_ops   2891208955
./test_urcu 20 1 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0 nr_reads   3017482290 nr_writes       783420 nr_ops   3018265710

* Batched synchronize_rcu() -- test_urcu (mb)

./test_urcu 4 1 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0 nr_reads    271476751 nr_writes     12858885 nr_ops    284335636
./test_urcu 4 20 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers   4 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers  20 wdelay      0 nr_reads    608488583 nr_writes     10080610 nr_ops    618569193
./test_urcu 12 12 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  12 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers  12 wdelay      0 nr_reads   1260044362 nr_writes      7957711 nr_ops   1268002073
./test_urcu 16 8 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  16 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   8 wdelay      0 nr_reads   2048890674 nr_writes      5440985 nr_ops   2054331659
./test_urcu 20 4 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   4 wdelay      0 nr_reads   2819267217 nr_writes      3093008 nr_ops   2822360225
./test_urcu 20 3 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   3 wdelay      0 nr_reads   3067795320 nr_writes      2817760 nr_ops   3070613080
./test_urcu 20 2 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   2 wdelay      0 nr_reads   3116770603 nr_writes      2404242 nr_ops   3119174845
./test_urcu 20 1 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu               testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0 nr_reads   2238534130 nr_writes      3737588 nr_ops   2242271718

* Serialized synchronize_rcu() -- test_urcu_signal

./test_urcu_signal 4 1 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers   4 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0 nr_reads  16063309841 nr_writes         9217 nr_ops  16063319058
./test_urcu_signal 4 20 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers   4 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers  20 wdelay      0 nr_reads  16065183739 nr_writes         9182 nr_ops  16065192921
./test_urcu_signal 12 12 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  12 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers  12 wdelay      0 nr_reads  48028512672 nr_writes         8890 nr_ops  48028521562
./test_urcu_signal 16 8 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  16 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   8 wdelay      0 nr_reads  64001589198 nr_writes         8756 nr_ops  64001597954
./test_urcu_signal 20 4 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   4 wdelay      0 nr_reads  79907434070 nr_writes         9068 nr_ops  79907443138
./test_urcu_signal 20 3 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   3 wdelay      0 nr_reads  79987250839 nr_writes         8589 nr_ops  79987259428
./test_urcu_signal 20 2 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   2 wdelay      0 nr_reads  79749947176 nr_writes         8596 nr_ops  79749955772
./test_urcu_signal 20 1 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0 nr_reads  79751023090 nr_writes         8624 nr_ops  79751031714

* Batched synchronize_rcu() -- test_urcu_signal

./test_urcu_signal 4 1 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers   4 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0 nr_reads  15739087241 nr_writes         9218 nr_ops  15739096459
./test_urcu_signal 4 20 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers   4 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers  20 wdelay      0 nr_reads  15662135806 nr_writes        94833 nr_ops  15662230639
./test_urcu_signal 12 12 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  12 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers  12 wdelay      0 nr_reads  46634363289 nr_writes        56903 nr_ops  46634420192
./test_urcu_signal 16 8 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  16 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   8 wdelay      0 nr_reads  62263951759 nr_writes        39058 nr_ops  62263990817
./test_urcu_signal 20 4 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   4 wdelay      0 nr_reads  77799768623 nr_writes        21065 nr_ops  77799789688
./test_urcu_signal 20 3 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   3 wdelay      0 nr_reads  76408008440 nr_writes        17026 nr_ops  76408025466
./test_urcu_signal 20 2 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   2 wdelay      0 nr_reads  77868927424 nr_writes        12630 nr_ops  77868940054
./test_urcu_signal 20 1 20
SUMMARY ./test_urcu_signal        testdur   20 nr_readers  20 rdur      0 wdur      0 nr_writers   1 wdelay      0 nr_reads  77293186844 nr_writes         8680 nr_ops  77293195524

CC: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
CC: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>

diff --git a/urcu.c b/urcu.c
index e6ff0f349e9e4fef17d6d366b5e7197acb841b84..15def09adb7e7feeeaba49f2d1d2a1c33a90bf59 100644 (file)
--- a/urcu.c
+++ b/urcu.c
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "urcu/tls-compat.h"
 
 #include "urcu-die.h"
+#include "urcu-wait.h"
 
 /* Do not #define _LGPL_SOURCE to ensure we can emit the wrapper symbols */
 #undef _LGPL_SOURCE
@@ -106,6 +107,12 @@ DEFINE_URCU_TLS(unsigned int, rcu_rand_yield);
 
 static CDS_LIST_HEAD(registry);
 
+/*
+ * Queue keeping threads awaiting to wait for a grace period. Contains
+ * struct gp_waiters_thread objects.
+ */
+static DEFINE_URCU_WAIT_QUEUE(gp_waiters);
+
 static void mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
 {
        int ret;
@@ -306,9 +313,34 @@ void synchronize_rcu(void)
 {
        CDS_LIST_HEAD(cur_snap_readers);
        CDS_LIST_HEAD(qsreaders);
+       DEFINE_URCU_WAIT_NODE(wait, URCU_WAIT_WAITING);
+       struct urcu_waiters waiters;
+
+       /*
+        * Add ourself to gp_waiters queue of threads awaiting to wait
+        * for a grace period. Proceed to perform the grace period only
+        * if we are the first thread added into the queue.
+        * The implicit memory barrier before urcu_wait_add()
+        * orders prior memory accesses of threads put into the wait
+        * queue before their insertion into the wait queue.
+        */
+       if (urcu_wait_add(&gp_waiters, &wait) != 0) {
+               /* Not first in queue: will be awakened by another thread. */
+               urcu_adaptative_busy_wait(&wait);
+               /* Order following memory accesses after grace period. */
+               cmm_smp_mb();
+               return;
+       }
+       /* We won't need to wake ourself up */
+       urcu_wait_set_state(&wait, URCU_WAIT_RUNNING);
 
        mutex_lock(&rcu_gp_lock);
 
+       /*
+        * Move all waiters into our local queue.
+        */
+       urcu_move_waiters(&waiters, &gp_waiters);
+
        if (cds_list_empty(&registry))
                goto out;
 
@@ -374,6 +406,13 @@ void synchronize_rcu(void)
        smp_mb_master(RCU_MB_GROUP);
 out:
        mutex_unlock(&rcu_gp_lock);
+
+       /*
+        * Wakeup waiters only after we have completed the grace period
+        * and have ensured the memory barriers at the end of the grace
+        * period have been issued.
+        */
+       urcu_wake_all_waiters(&waiters);
 }
 
 /*