call_rcu: Fix race between rcu_barrier() and call_rcu_data_free()

call_rcu: Fix race between rcu_barrier() and call_rcu_data_free()

The current code can lose RCU callbacks at shutdown time, which can
result in hangs.  This lossage can happen as follows:

o       A thread invokes call_rcu_data_free(), which executes up through
        the wake_call_rcu_thread().  At this point, the call_rcu_data
        structure has been drained of callbacks, but is still on the
        call_rcu_data_list.  Note that this thread does not hold the
        call_rcu_mutex.

o       Another thread invokes rcu_barrier(), which traverses the
        call_rcu_data_list under the protection of call_rcu_mutex,
        a list which still includes the above newly drained structure.
        This thread therefore adds a callback to the newly drained
        call_rcu_data structure.  It then releases call_rcu_mutex and
        enters a mystifying loop that does futex stuff.

o       The first thread finishes executing call_rcu_data_free(),
        which acquires call_rcu_mutex just long enough to remove the
        newly drained call_rcu_data structure from call_rcu_data_list.
        Which causes one of the rcu_barrier() invocation's callbacks to
        be leaked.

o       The second thread's rcu_barrier() invocation never returns
        resulting in a hang.

This commit therefore changes call_rcu_data_free() to acquire
call_rcu_mutex before checking the call_rcu_data structure for callbacks.
In the case where there are no callbacks, call_rcu_mutex is held across
both the check and the removal from call_rcu_data_list, thus preventing
rcu_barrier() from adding a callback in the meantime.  In the case where
there are callbacks, call_rcu_mutex must be momentarily dropped across
the call to get_default_call_rcu_data(), which can itself acquire
call_rcu_mutex.  This momentary drop is not a problem because any
callbacks that rcu_barrier() might queue during that period of time will
be moved to the default call_rcu_data structure, and the lock will be
held across the full time including moving those callbacks and removing
the call_rcu_data structure that was passed into call_rcu_data_free()
from call_rcu_data_list.

With this fix, a several-hundred-CPU test successfully completes more
than 5,000 executions.  Without this fix, it fails within a few tens
of executions.  Although the failures happen more quickly on larger
systems, in theory this could happen on a single-CPU system, courtesy
of preemption.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: <lttng-dev@lists.lttng.org>
Cc: <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>